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Geometric vs. Algebraic Combination

In classical architecture, it is organized through “geometric systems of proportion”. Proportions of different classical architecture elements are intentionally geometric creating a relationship between individual elements to play into a larger whole. Individual elements are preserved through this geometric relationship while still preserving overall unity. This can be seen in the Mosque of Cordoba. While the function of the mosque changed the local and geometric relationships stayed the same allowing it to remain a notable structure to this day. Unlike classical architecture, Western architecture looks towards an algebraic relationship allowing for expandability. Growth becomes anticipated and there is no precedent geometric relationship creating the opportunity to add with minimal adjustments. 

Walking Out of Cubism

After being in an era where art was complex and abstract minimalism rose into fashion. They sought to cut off the decorative and figurative character of the past and let the architecture speak for itself. Artists began to seek engagement in the space and the viewer’s body. Previously art was rooted in something that the viewer has a relationship whereas minimalism reveals itself and creates a new relationship. Objects are limited but exude strength and firmness. Minimalism evolved into post-minimalism where the work was not definite and allowed for questioning. Postminimalism follows local relationships but does not necessarily have a sequence of events.

Thick 2D Moire, Mats

To unify figure and ground one can think of the ground as an object emerging from itself. This allows for close attention at the local scale and while remaining separate from the whole. The moire effect is a visual perspective that can be applied to cities where it can be seen on a larger scale. At this larger scale, one can see places of importance through their verticality. An example of this can be found in older European cities there is often an agreed-upon height except for buildings of importance such as churches or palaces. It calls for the difference in heights and shapes. 

Flocks 

Craig Reynolds ran a simulation of flocking behavior that followed three rules: maintain a minimum distance from objects in the environment, match velocities, and move toward the center of mass. The reason why these phenomena works are the fact that the rules are defined locally. People, on the other hand, are driven by more than three rules, Elias Canetti analyzed crowds. He concluded that there are four traits to crowds: the desire to grow, the need for destiny, the equality that exists in the crowd, and direction. Crowds can be joyous or angry architecture can help manage these crowds as seen through Iannis Xenkais analysis of sounds’ effect on crowds.

Distributed Institutions

Buildings that hold societal value such as a government building, library, or museum have classical aspects to give a sense of stability and strength. But as time has progressed demands for these buildings change. A library has always been a place of knowledge and order but now knowledge is accessible at the click of a button. Places such as these must be able to adapt to the times and decipher where their place in society is. Architecture must be able to allow for a variety of activities by leaving unprogrammed spaces. This can help the longevity of the building.