Thoreau

After reading Thoreau I could not shake this feeling that things would be so much easier if the world was simpler like Thoreau lived for those two years. The simplicity kind of life that he lives and little amount of money he uses is astounding. The sense of community that Thoreau is surrounded with helping him start out, is where I feel that in “Economy” he is expressing the need to get back to nature. Thoreau being able to draw off of his own experience, freely using “I” and describing nature so brilliantly.

“We might try our lives by a thousand simple tests; as, for instance, that the same sun which ripens my beans illumines at once a system of earths like ours. If I had remembered this it would have prevented some mistakes.” (10)

I really like this little quote because it shows the world works together. How everything is all connected and if we remembered that our lives would be a lot easier just like Thoreau’s life was simple when he was connected and surrounded by nature. Everything in his life was simpler. He had to work harder to get what he needed but he didn’t use more than what he needed to survive from nature.

Nature and Man’s Connection

To Emerson, the natural world is better than his own, offering mankind all the life and inspiration that is absent from society. Emerson paints a vivid picture of nature and man’s important connection to it. Emerson convinces his readers that the relationship between man and nature is sacred, comforting, and vital for survival.

Emerson asks his readers “to what end is Nature?” (27). He goes about answering this question with several arguments.  Emerson makes certain to his readers that “we have no questions to ask which are unanswerable,” this is so because the ”order of things” in nature will answer all questions (27). He then goes on to explain that, “the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul” (28). Assuming that the Soul resides in each man, Emerson makes the conclusion that “therefore, all that is separate from us…must be ranked under this name, NATURE”(28). Emerson also notes that nature is anything “unchanged by man” such as the sky, the landscape, the air, etc.  By slowly drawing out the definition of what nature is Emerson makes a mysterious entity become tangible to his readers.

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Two Defintions of Nature found In Rowlandson

For this week’s blog I thought it would be a good idea to examine the text “A Narrative of Captivity” by Mary Rowlandson  from two weeks prior because of personal favor for the text and answer one of  the courses  “central questions” in order to get a better grasp on how this text can be viewed as “environmental literature” .  The text will be examined with the focal point of answering the central question- “What kinds of environmental and nature are of interest in the text?  How does the author define these terms (explicitly or implicitly), and how useful are these definitions?” I will focus heavily on the “useful” aspect of the definitions of natures, as I feel it has been covered in class thoroughly how the these texts are anthropocentric or ecocentric and how they align with another important questions such as Buell’s checklist.

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The Rattling Fitchburg Railroad Interrupting Revelation

The chapter “Sounds” from Walden highlights the Transcendental motif of revelation and spiritual elevation through direct experience with nature instead of through tradition, as represented by books and literature.  As the chapter progresses, Thoreau’s serenity, spiritual elevation and reverence is interrupted by the railroad which after much contemplation, becomes a metaphor for civilization, commerce, and  economic drudgery. The railroad becomes an opposing force, a reoccurring interruption that’s piercing whistle interrupts the pastoral transcendental life Thoreau is leading at Walden Pond.

Thoreau dives straight into revelation by direct experience in the opening of “Sounds”.  “I did not read books the first summer; I hoed beans”(Thoreau 97). Instead of reading, Thoreau sits serenely, after a morning bath in his doorway contentedly observing the serenity of his garden, noticing the sunlight and listening to the chirping of birds. “Sometimes in a summer morning,having taken my accustomed bath, I sat in the sunny doorway from sunrise till noon, rapt in a revery…in undisturbed solitude and stillness, while the birds sang around…” (Thoreau 97)

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Biocentrism in Emerson’s Nature

          Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Nature is a very interesting environmental text. He uses writing techniques such as metaphor to describe the relationship between the human mind and Nature. From my understanding, he creates this idea of biocentrism. From Buell’s Glossary of Selected Terms, biocentrism is defined as “the view that all organisms, including humans, are part of a larger biotic web or network or community whose interests must constrain or direct or govern the human interest” (Buell, p.1). For me, this is the main point that Emerson was trying to make in his essay. Emerson’s idea of this connection between humanity and Nature, or the “Me” and the “Not Me”,  is discussed throughout the text and he creates a significant amount of mental imagery to explain how these two things are connected.

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Into the Wild and Emerson

The novel, Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer, was inspired by the life of Christopher McCandless. McCandless was a young man living in suburbia who was discontent with his way of life. After graduating from college, McCandless decided to travel to Alaska and experience the “Great Frontier”.  While in Alaska McCandless was ecstatic at first. For the first time in his life he feels as if he is connecting with nature and living a meaningful life. One of McCandless favorite pass times was to read transcendental writers such as Emerson and Thoreau. McCandless was interested in how these authors wrote about their connection with nature. His trip to Alaska was driven by the transcendental spirit instilled in him by such authors.

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Faith and Nature

In Mary Rowlandson’s book, A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, she recounts the transformations she must go through, once natives take her captive. The Second Remove describes her struggles to survive in the “vast and desolate wilderness.” Rowlandson describes how she was exhausted and missed her home and that the Spirit of God was the only thing that kept her going. Rowlandson states, “God was with me in a wonderful manner, carrying me along, and bearing up my spirit, that it did not quite fail” (312). Rowlandson was showing her faith towards God and displays that He was the only thing keeping her from giving up. She describes the wilderness as a very barren place that is exceptionally inhospitable compared to her society. Continue reading