Arctic Shipping Routes (2013):
Shipping Routes with emphasis on ice and other boundaries:
Arctic shipping routes are very common for moving goods through the Arctic. In the shipping industry, 90% of goods were moved via carriers. On September 27, 2013, the first bulk carrier crossed the Northwest Passage. However, between the years 2013 and 2015, arctic shipping faced a setback and decreased due to difficulties in traveling through ice, closure of pathways, low oil prices, and insurance and safety considerations. In 2014, only 17 ships sailed through Canada’s Northwest Passage because the summer, which was when the ice normally melted enough to travel through, was short and cold. In the Northeast Passage, (across the top of Russia and Siberia), ship travel dropped from 71 travelling ships in 2013 to 18 ships in 2015. People began to wonder if Arctic shipping would continue to increase (Natasha Geiling, 2014).
Today, warming Arctic waters are opening a northern shipping routes which create many pros for shipping industries, but maybe not as many perks for the environment and its organisms. Some scientists believe that by 2025, there will be no ice in the Arctic in the summers, and so even ships without ice-breaking hulls will be able to travel through the Arctic. There are many pros including access to natural resources, longer seasons of travel, potential for economic growth, and cutting down travel time and gas during travel through the Northwest Passage versus other current pathways such as the Northeast Passage (Farre Buixade Albert, 2014).
However, there are many cons to Arctic shipping through this opening passage. Many organisms and animals cannot survive these levels of shipping in these areas, animals may undergo osmotic shock, and the noise of the ships may disturb marine animals that are not familiar with this concept. Some scientists also believe that an Arctic shipping boom could lead to an oil spill disaster like the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill in Alaska if it does not have good governance, sufficient ports, timely search and rescue responses, good navigation charts, or effective technology for oil spill cleanup (Ed Struzik, 2016).
While there are many efficient and helpful aspects of Arctic shipping through the new opening of the Northwest Passage, there are many fears and consequences that could also occur. This controversial issue is being argued today, and through our blog we will discuss in detail the two sides to this dispute, and answer the main question of focus of whether the impacts of arctic shipping on wildlife and the surrounding habitat are substantial enough to put an end to the multi-million dollar industry.
Geiling, Natasha. “Arctic Shipping: Good For Invasive Species, Bad For the Rest of Nature.” Smithsonian.com. Smithsonian Institution, 29 May 2014. Web. 18 May 2017. <http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/global-warmings-unexpected-consequence-invasive-species-180951573/>.
Farre Buixade Albert et al. Commercial Arctic Shipping Through the Northeast Passage: routes, resources, governance, technology, infrastructure. October 16, 2014. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1088937X.2014.965769
Struzik, Ed. Shipping Plans Grow as Arctic Ice Fades. November 17, 2016. http://e360.yale.edu/features/cargo_shipping_in_the_arctic_declining_sea_ice
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