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Tanner Connects Italian Cinema To American Life And History
  1. Weeks 3-4

    April 29, 2020 by Tanner Austin

    In Weeks 3-4 of my Italian Cinema class on Desire and Resistance, I received a very detailed history of Italy throughout World War 2 by engaging various readings and films. My first reading was about Italian Resistance in 1943-1945. I learned that people stopped favoring Mussolini’s fascist regime at this point because of the aerial bombardment, food shortages, and steeply rising prices of goods. There were strikes in Northern cities where 100 thousand workers were involved. This immediately made me think of the labor movements that have taken place in America throughout history, especially the ones during World War 2. I never knew that there was an entire period from July 25 – September 8, 1943 where there were popular demonstrations celebrating the end of Fasciscm which was concluded in September by a secret armistice between Italy and the Allies. There is never discussion of the fall of Mussolini, or of the armistice signed, in history classes I have taken, let alone all of the internal resistance that took place. I also had no idea that Italy was split in two in the middle of September of 1943, which was a primary reason for the development of various resistances. After this reading, I read a piece that detailed neorealism as a style of film. I had partially learned about neorealism in literature classes in highschool, but I had no idea that in Italian film, it compromises historically and culturally specific manifestations of the aesthetic quality of realism. I also really appreciate how the goal was for Italian filmmakers to display authentic human experience and interaction. Especially in a time like this, I find myself gravitating towards films that are just normal people doing normal things because I miss those interactions. Before watching “Rome Open City,” which was our assigned film of week 3, my professor wanted to make clear the tight knit relationship that film has with history, especially in this film. The script for the film was written in 1944, which is so close to Nazi occupation of half of Italy. The film itself was heart-wrenching – first, with the murder of Pina, and then with the torture and murder of Manifredi, which likely would not have happened if Marina didn’t sell him out for drugs, and finally, with the murder of Don Pietro while all of the young boys were watching.

     

    Pina Shot In Middle Of Street

     

    I think that the point of making this film so brutal was because that is truly how the war was for many people, especially those involved in the resistance. I have always been used to the protagonist having a happy ending because that is a very common plot in American movies. This really showcased the neorealism because it was incredibly real and accurate and they really didn’t sugarcoat anything. “Paisan” was the next film we watched, which had six different episodes taking place all around Italy. Something that my professor noted was that none of the actors in the film were professional or well-known actors which is hardly something ever done in American films. The purpose of this, I thought, is to really convey the genre of neorealism, which I thought was so interesting. In a way, it does make it feel like more of a documentary, but by having knowledge that every scene was carefully planned out, it was mind boggling to see how natural everything was. Another clever thing that the filmmakers did was place us in the middle of the “plot” in every episode. The way that the spectator was simply dropped into the action made it feel much less like I was watching a whole movie, but rather, viewing snippets of memories had by random people. 

     

    Scene Where Ally Soldier Plays Harmonica For Italian Boy

     


  2. Weeks 1-2

    April 29, 2020 by Tanner Austin

    In Weeks 1-2 of my Italian Cinema class on Desire and Resistance, I learned some of the different ways that Italian filmmakers have resisted dominant ways of making film through how they tell stories in a different way and offer a different kind of protagonist than I was used to. I also learned that a lot of the motivation behind Italian filmmakers was desire – whether that be sexual/romantic, being envious of something, wanting something that has been lost, or, especially, desiring an equal society. The first reading we did was called “Italian Cinema” by Wagstaff, where I learned a lot about the history of Italian cinema, but also a very suppressed history of Italy during World War 2 specifically. As someone who loves learning about multiple perspectives, especially relating to historical events, learning about resistance movements in Italy during a time when Nazi’s took over, and what effect that had on Italian cinema was very interesting to me. I then watched a film called “Cinema Paradiso” which honestly made me very emotional. My professor pointed out how in the lightning scene, a certain frame of thinking was enacted. It essentially let the spectator know that the film was going to be told from a subjective nature. While I recognized this subconsciously, it is the little things like that that I have learned to pick up on now when watching films. My favorite part of the film was when the once-little Toto watches all of the deleted scenes of people kissing from Salvatore’s collection that he passed onto him after dying. It was truly touching; I even got teary-eyed.

     

    The Cinema: Where Everyone Went To Enjoy Films Together

     

    Afterwards, I watched the Panopto recording provided by my professor where I learned about how films have the ability to make the spectator forget that they are even watching a film because of how immersed into the film’s reality it can make you. I completely related to this, I remember how, when watching the film “Call Me By Your Name” for the first time, it made me feel like I was in Italy again, and it also made me feel like I was also experiencing the love that the character’s shared.

     

    Elio and Oliver Sharing An Intimate Moment in Public

     

    Something I never really thought about was how feelings can be evoked through certain film techniques, and my professor challenged us to think about how films are put together to do so. Like, what in the construction of a horror movie makes us feel afraid? I always think about how strange it is that art has this effect on us – a simple object, whether that be a painting, sculpture, or a screen that has a film being projected on it can make us feel such real emotions and evoke very natural reactions. Learning about the different frame sizes coupled with the different types of shots was another thing I never thought of too much previously. The way that extreme long shots function to establish settings, long shots capture movements, medium shots document the happenings of things from the waist up, and close up shots function as a way to show intimacy or identification; there truly are so many components that go into film making. It really made me think about how when making YouTube videos, I use a lot of the same techniques subconsciously when filming. In a way, the purpose of these shots just make sense – now I don’t know if that’s due to me consuming so many films, or if it is something universal


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