India is already overpopulated. According to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, population of India is 1.32 billion, hitting the 1-billion mark. One place behind the world’s most populous city, China with 1.38 billion (The United Nations). Although the population has been a problem acknowledged by the government, it has been growing continuously, non-stop. India’s population is predicted to surpass China’s population by 2022. India should implement a one-child policy to control the population. Not only will the policy help control head counts, but it will also provide any advantages socially and economically.
Pros:
1) Reduce the fertility rate
One-child policy can help reduce the continuous growth rate in India. In China, the one-child policy has been successfully implemented and it has helped lower population growth. According to United Nations, after the Chinese government introduced the one-child policy, the fertility rate dropped. It dropped from around 4.6 births per woman in 1979 to 1.5 births per woman in 2010. The mean Fertility Rate for India was 2.8. The rate seems very low, but the data was stretched by the low rate in South India. The fact is that in North India, the fertility rate is way over 5 births per woman, which is as high as the mean the African countries with the highest fertility (Roser). If the policy is implemented, it can readily control the fertility rates and suppress the aggravated problem of overpopulation.
2) Reduction in unemployment
India is experiencing an increase in unemployment. The projected unemployment will increase from 17.7 million in 2016 to 17.8 million in 2017, and it will continue to increase till 18 million in 2018 (United Nations). With reference to China’s one child policy, the plan of birth control could reduce unemployment. The fall in birth rate offers a demographic dividend, as the economically productive proportion of the population grows more rapidly than the general population. Without the rapid decrease in fertility, China’s economy would not have grown by 7-8% in a year (Potts). Thus, job opportunities would not be created for more people to be employed. With the decrease in population, competition among citizens was lowered and unemployment was alleviated (Potts). India needs such a change with the existing number of unemployed.
3) Improve Overall better living standards
The number of people living below poverty line is 22% of the population in India (United Nations). According to the Reserve Bank of India, India’s percentage in poverty is way over the world average. The world’s average in poverty percentage is only 18%. India ranks the first in poverty percentage (United Nations).This is a huge number and most likely caused by lack of resources for the huge population that India has. After the implementation of the one child policy, it has alleviated poverty by promoting family planning, holding population growth under control and raising the life quality of the population in those areas. According to the National Bureau of Statistics in China, the poverty proportion in China has decreased from 35% in 1978 to 15% in 1985, and there is a continuous decrease in the poverty proportion (see Fig. 1). As too many births links to economic and cultural backwardness, population in India should be controlled to combat poverty.
Fig. 1 “Communiqué on 2004 Rural Poverty Monitoring of China.” National Bureau of Statistics in China. http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/NewsEvents/200505/t20050513_25623.html . Accessed 29 May 2017.
4) Reducing carbon emission
Population control can help reduce carbon emission in India and help alleviate climate change. Carbon emission means the carbon dioxide emission due to certain human activities. India is among the top 5 countries with the highest carbon emission in the world. According to the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research created by the European Commission and Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency in 2015, India ranks number 4 in the world in carbon emission, with up to 2.5 million carbon dioxide (kt) emission in 2015 (see Fig. 2). Child limit should be implemented to decrease emission. China is an example of avoiding excess carbon emission with the population control policy. From the one-child policy, China avoided around 300 million births, meaning she has averted 1.3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide in 2005 based on average world per capita emissions of 4.2 tonnes (Doyle). From controlling population growth, this can help suppress the increasing carbon emission in India. As a result, would help slow down the exacerbating global warming and the consequences that come with it.
Fig 2. Carbon dioxide emissions for the top 40 countries by total emission in 2013, total and per capita. Doyle, Alister. “CORRECTED: China says one-child policy helps protect climate.” Reuters, 30August 2007. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-population-correction-idUSL3047203920070830 . Accessed 29 May 2017.
Implementing a child limit in India could bring several significant benefits. A one-child policy could effectively reduce the fertility rate, as seen in China, leading to a more manageable population size. This could also help decrease unemployment by creating a demographic dividend, where fewer young dependents allow for more economic growth and job opportunities. Additionally, controlling population growth could improve living standards and reduce poverty levels, as resources would be less strained. Finally, it would contribute to lower carbon emissions, helping combat climate change by reducing the overall environmental impact of a large population.
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