1.Describe the term paleoanthropsychobiological. Who coined this term?
Paleanthropsychobiological is a term to suggest several things, which coined by Dissanayake E. The first thing is the idea of art encompasses all of human history. The second thing is art include all human societies and the third thing is art accounts for the fact that art is a psychological or emotional need and has psychological or emotional effects (15)

2.What does Dissanayake mean by the phrase “making special”? How does it relate to art and to human survival?
“Making special” means the things that one cares deeply about or activities whose outcome has strong personal significance. Dissanayake takes animal as an example. When the animal has human’s ability, like intelligence, resourcefulness, emotional and mental complexity, and then animal could be survival and simply alertness to possible danger. (22)

3.Dissanayake identifies many different theories/movement/periods of art throughout western european history. Name three different theories of art that Dissanayake mentions in her essay. Identify the time period when each theory developed and was prominent. Provide a brief description of the philosophies and ideas that define each theory/movement/period of art. Support your answer with quotes from the reading.

Medieval times—the art were in the service of religion in that times. And art was in accurately representing that subject matter and using craftsman. (16)

Modernity—eighteenth century. Modernity is a number of social and intellectual trends came together, intertwined and influenced one another, and eventually became in combination and intensity” (16).

Modernism—was developed during18th century. “It’s a concern with elucidating principles such as taste and beauty that govern all the arts and indeed make them not simply paintings or status but examples of art” (17). In other words, art is ideology. Individuals start to focus on the value and effects on the art.

In my cognitive, art is the beauty. Artwork, natural, behavior, everything could be as art. So art is a very extensive thing. However, I have never considered what the real art is. But after I read the reading and watch the video, I learned few things about what is art. In the article, Dissanayake mentions, “Art include all human societies, it accounts for the fact that art is a psychological or emotional need and has psychological or emotional effects”(15). So art is not just as an artwork or represents the beauty. It contains people’s life, behavior, thoughts and aspirations. Actually, art existed in millions years ago. According Denis presentation, “It is widely assumed that the earliest human artworks are the stupendously skillful cave, and about 32,000 years old. And the artistic skills has been found from around 100,000 years ago”. Also there is a tool called acheulian hand axes, which has been found from around 1.4 million ago. And those are the earliest art. The features of those ancient art is delicacy and useful. Furthermore, as Denis described, “Hand axes mark an evolutionary advance in human history-tools fashioned to function as what Darwinians call “fitness signals”. In other words, art is a very universal; it is not a luxury item. No mater in the past, nowadays, and in the future, It can be used as a beautiful of art, but also can be used as a practical tool. Moreover, in the present, art is exists in many places. And art is not restricted by religion, race, gender or something else. Painting, music, movies are art. Also, when I visit Niagara Falls, I praise the art that natural bring to us constantly. That’s pure and gives a shaky felling. Art exists in different form in our life. Next, let’s talk about the Mona Lisa. As we all know, it’s mysteriously. Until now, People want to explore the potential value of this work. And people want to know the story about Mona Lisa all around the world. So what is Art? Personally, I think art is something that people has resonated. However, there are many differences between arts, but it also contains the cross cultural aesthetic pleasure and aesthetic value.