There is debate in which civilization was the first to use toilets. There is evidence of some sort of toilet technology Indus‐Saraswati Valley Civilisation in 3rd millennium BC (Tiwary, 2018) and in the Mesopotamian era. Back then when there were royalties and nobles, toilets were another distinguisher of class, since the wealthy were some of the only ones that were able to use it. On the Island of Crete during the Bronze age, archaeologists found one of the first existing toilets that flushed with water on Knossos Palace. Roman civilizations were one of the first societies to create the concept of private and public bathrooms (Tiwary, 2018).

Archaeologists discovered a space that has a central courtyard with rooms that diverge into their own spaces, as well as remains of terracotta bowls. There are some reasons to speculate that they did indeed value the idea of privacy when archaeologists found many wells in close proximity and rings that suggest the existence of some type of curtain. Each ‘stall’ had a dug well with a slab that had a drop hole well people would squat over. During the Pre-Mauryan period and the Vedic Period, which came during the end of the Indus period, it was much more connected to nature. This society, in a way, reverted back to their roots and was primarily agrarian. They considered their home as a way to connect to God so they did not keep their toilets in their enclosures. Due to this, primitive practices and religious beliefs, scientists and archaeologists predict that this society digressed and simply used the bathroom wherever they pleased. Later, in the village of Manikpur, researchers found evidence of terracotta toilet pans which were a very ‘Western’ type of design already. As time went,  archaeologists also found a Buddhist university called Vikramshila mahavihara that was estimated to have existed during the Pala period 8th-12th century E.C. The structure of the toilet was made out of bricks. Terracotta pots would store water and the extrements would be released into dug pits or farming fields. (Tiwary, 2018).Archaeologists discovered a space that has a central courtyard with rooms that diverge into their own spaces, as well as remains of terracotta bowls. There are some reasons to speculate that they did indeed value the idea of privacy when archaeologists found many wells in close proximity and rings that suggest the existence of some type of curtain. Each ‘stall’ had a dug well with a slab that had a drop hole well people would squat over. During the Pre-Mauryan period and the Vedic Period, which came during the end of the Indus period, it was much more connected to nature. This society, in a way, reverted back to their roots and was primarily agrarian. They considered their home as a way to connect to God so they did not keep their toilets in their enclosures. Due to this, primitive practices and religious beliefs, scientists and archaeologists predict that this society digressed and simply used the bathroom wherever they pleased. Later, in the village of Manikpur, researchers found evidence of terracotta toilet pans which were a very ‘Western’ type of design already. As time went,  archaeologists also found a Buddhist university called Vikramshila mahavihara that was estimated to have existed during the Pala period 8th-12th century E.C. The structure of the toilet was made out of bricks. Terracotta pots would store water and the extrements would be released into dug pits or farming fields. (Tiwary, 2018). Later in the Indian timeline, as many societies have adapted, toilets were slowly evolving to be only meant for the wealthy. With each era in India, civilizations came up with new techniques to keep areas clean and get rid of waste which were also formed through cultural norms at that time. Following the Indian historical trajectory it shows that they already had a basis for the beginnings of a working society and a concern for hygiene practices (Tiwary, 2018).