Welcome to the Toilet!

Arguably, no single space in a residential building reflects the enormous impact of the Industrial Revolution on interior architecture as a toilet does. The very presence of indoor toilets depends on the technological advancements of the nineteenth century. In turn, the toilet reflects many cultural/social ideas related to cleanness, gender taboos, social hierarchies, etc. The work shared here is the term project of undergraduate and graduate students in the History of Interior Architecture II (Solmaz Kive), Winter 2021.