The Origins of Empathy During Infancy: Links to Theory of Mind and Prosocial Behavior at Age 5

Presenter(s): Courtne Daum − Psychology

Faculty Mentor(s): Jennifer Ablow, Jeffrey Measelle

Poster 100

Research Area: Psychology

Researchers examining the developmental origins of empathy report that infants as young as 17 months show early indices of empathic behavior in the form of concern for others, positive affect, and emotional distress (Zahn-Waxler, & Robinson, 2005). In turn, a vast amount of research demonstrates the long-term outcomes of empathic children, such as prosocial development, high self-esteem, few externalizing problems and a positive disposition (Eisenberg, Fabes & Spinard, 2015). In addition, early empathic tendencies predict earlier onset of Theory of Mind, which is the ability to attribute beliefs and desires to self and others (Laranjo et al., 2010). Evidence suggests that ToM develops within the context of the parenting relationship during infancy (Laranjo et al., 2010), through parenting mechanisms such as Maternal Mind-mindedness, which is the ability to treat children as their own entities’ with minds through appropriate mind related language. Though there is vast literature on the outcomes of early indices of empathy expressed in infancy, there is little research on the development of empathy prior to 17 months. Given links between Maternal Mind-mindedness in infancy and early onset of ToM, and links between early indices of empathy and ToM, this study examines Maternal Mind Mindedness at 5 months predicting indices of infant empathy at 17 months, which in turn predicts ToM, empathy, and prosocial behaviors at 5 years.

Heard it Through the Grapevine: Does Physical Attractiveness Affect Impressions Formed via Gossip?

Presenter(s): Kylie Davis

Faculty Mentor(s): Sanjay Srivastava & Cory Costello

Poster 100

Session: Social Sciences & Humanities

People share information about others’ personalities via gossip, but little is known about what affects these impressions formed via gossip (i.e., hearsay reputations). We investigated the effect of targets’ physical attractiveness on hearsay reputations, assessing whether attractiveness’ effects on direct (face-to-face) impressions (e.g., Lorenzo et al., 2010) carry over through gossip. Across 2 studies, 629 undergraduates participated in groups of 3 or 4. Two participants got to know one another (target/P1), each told a new participant (P2) about the person they had just met, and then they rated each other. Physically attractive people were seen as more conscientious, less neurotic, and more extraverted by P1s (|β’s| from .13 to .18; p’s < .01), replicating the link between attractiveness and more positive impressions. This tendency was only partly carried over to P2s, who rated physically attractive targets as only more Extraverted (β = .09, p < .05; other |β’s| ≤ .05). Finally, targets’ attractiveness did not influence consensus between P1 and P2 (|β’s| ≤ .05). Attractiveness thus appears to more greatly impact direct face-to-face impressions than hearsay reputations.