Unremembered: The Misattributions of Clara Peeters and Judith Leyster

Presenter: Morning Glory Ritchie – Art History

Faculty Mentor(s): Maile Hutterer

Session: (In-Person) Oral Panel—Herstory Rediscovered, Poster Presentation

Clara Peeters and Judith Leyster were still-life painters prominent during the 17th-century. These still-life genre paintings were of a popular Dutch style which included painting of the interior domestic household and food items. During this era, women faced extreme challenges to receive an art education and to enter the market. Often, these women would have to have a male family member, such as husband or father, be the one to give the art education. These artists have all had a lack of recognition in art historical scholarship, with several of their works misattributed to other male artists of their time. Several 17th-century works created by women were often misattributed to men. Works by female painters were also attributed to their husbands or fathers, as was the case for several works by Judith Leyster who was unknown for almost three centuries. Many still-life works from this period also lack clarity and evidence for attribution leaving many works without name. Several women artists were extremely prominent and successful with their still-life compositions during the 17th-century. Therefore, it is time to start the search for women painters in order to better understand Early Modern culture and the impact of women in the arts. When not much is known about the life of a female artist due to restraints of the women’s role in the domestic household during the 17th-century, their legacy, reputation and contributions to the art world and history eventually fade away.

St. Michael the Archangel: his Role in Early Christianity

Presenter: Madeline Salzman

Faculty Mentor: Dianne Dugaw, Maile Hutterer

Presentation Type: Oral

Primary Research Area: Humanities

Major: English Literature, Art History

St. Michael the Archangel occupies a unique place in early Christian art and literature, especially when compared with the other angels present in biblical material. Due to his specialized role in these narratives, St. Michael represents a powerfully-syncretic link for early Christian communities, where local traditions were adapted to new Christians ones, as well as a protector and advocate for new followers of a mysterious God. By analyzing his characteristics with those of other angels, such as St. Gabriel’s, we see with greater clarity St. Michael’s dynamic role as warrior, judicator, and protector, and how early Christians further developed and expanded his role in their faith and beliefs. Through this, we can see the creation and adaptation of legends tied to physical locations, such as the legend surrounding Mont St. Michel. His popularity spans much of the former Roman Empire, and he often seen as a figure that substitutes for God and Heaven in Byzantine art. By analyzing biblical sources, legendary materials, and art historical examples, we recognize the evolution of St. Michael’s iconography and impact, and the far-reaching effects of his role in shaping early Christian art and literature.