Controls on glacial retreat in the West Antarctic Peninsula

Presenter(s): Ryan Obermeyer − Math, Spatial Data Science And Technology

Faculty Mentor(s): David Sutherland, Kiya Riverman

Poster 52

Research Area: Physical Science

Funding: NSF grant no. 1543012

The West Antarctic Peninsula has over 300 glaciers, all with unique environmental conditions. The peninsula is losing ice, but it is not fully understood what drives retreat rates for individual glaciers. The Antarctic Peninsula is rich in available data, but comparatively little analysis of glacial environmental controls has been performed. We used a Landsat-7 and laser altimetry derived grounding line, infrared temperature data, bathymetry swath data, Regional Ocean Modeling runs, and calculated retreat rates to find correlations between retreat and environment. Previous work has shown that glaciers in the region are sensitive to ocean temperatures. Glaciers in the northern portion of the peninsula interact with cooler ocean currents and have lower retreat rates than the glaciers in the south. We found a latitudinal cut off, north of which floating glaciers rarely exist. Warmer air temperatures in the northern portion of the peninsula may limit the prevalence of floating glaciers. In contrast, the south with cooler air and warmer water allows glaciers to interact with the ocean. Model runs of Circumpolar Deep Water flow highlight which glaciers are in contact with warmer water. There is correlation between glacial retreat and contact with Circumpolar Deep Water. These findings allow us to predict that as air temperatures in Antarctica continue to rise, the latitudinal cut off for floating glaciers could move south, and less ice will be interacting with the ocean. This means that there is potential for retreat rates to temporarily decline as glaciers will be less affected by ocean temperatures.

Environmental controls on glacial thinning along the West Antarctic Peninsula.

Presenter(s): Ryan Obermeyer

Faculty Mentor(s): David Sutherland & Kiya Riverman

Poster 8

Session: Sciences

The West Antarctic Peninsula holds over 300 glaciers, all with unique environmental conditions. The peninsula is losing ice, but it is not fully understood what determines change for individual glaciers. Fortunately, Antarctica is rich in remotely sensed data. We use a suite of remotely sensed data to determine environmental controls on glacier retreat and thinning. Using Landsat- 7 and laser altimetry derived grounding lines, infrared temperature data, bathymetry swath data, Regional Ocean Modeling runs, and calculated retreat rates we have found more specific correlations between retreat and environment. Furthermore, the creation of the Reference Elevation Model for Antarctica (REMA) allowed for an opportunity to further our understanding of these systems with thinning rates. REMA is a 2m resolution elevation data base for Antarctica from 2009 through 2017. Here we calculate elevation change over time for the West Antarctica Peninsula from REMA. With these rates, we can spatially see how ice is changing on a 2m by 2m scale. We find that glaciers are sensitive to ocean temperature and are directly affected by Antarctic currents, and glaciers with floating tongues have potential for faster retreat. Glaciers in the southern portion of the West Antarctic Peninsula are retreating faster than glaciers in the north.