Tag: Clare Evans

The Correlation Between Stigma Stemming from HIV and Antiretroviral Packaging: Design Recommendations for Introducing Discrete Packaging

Presenter(s): Arden Saravis

Faculty Mentor(s): Clare Evans

Poster 159

Session: Social Sciences & Humanities

Failure to adhere to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the medication for HIV, persists in exponentially large numbers in the adolescent population in Western Kenya. The presence of stigma surrounding HIV heavily contributes to this immense prevalence in society. Adolescents living with HIV fear premature disclosure of their status to their peers, therefore leading to isolation, so many choose to not bring their ARTs in public and even hide them in their homes. This study investigates alternative packaging/casing for the ARTs that will be discrete, and thus encourage adolescents to carry their medication in public since they will be unrecognizable. This study will conduct in-depth interviews (IDI) among adolescents aged 10-24 years as well as key informant interviews (KII) with those who work directly with HIV infected youth. Extensive preliminary research amongst 300 adolescents with HIV has confirmed the need for a discrete package to be developed and creative suggestions have already been made. The results of this study will present design recommendations and ideas from the affected population themselves, and this information gathered may be used to inform a new product design for ART casing/packaging.

Farm Animal Valuation: An Analysis of the Variation in Values of College Students Surrounding Farm Animals and the Way Humans Relate to Them

Presenter(s): Kymmi Donaghue

Faculty Mentor(s): Clare Evans & CJ Pascoe

Poster 101

Session: Social Sciences & Humanities

Meat consumption is a practice that is well ingrained in our society. The diets of most individuals in the United States are heavily meat dependent, yet the meat industry perpetuated by violence and frequently by the exploitation of members of marginalized communities. Sociological examination of values surrounding farm animals and the meat industry is important, as taking a deeper look into practices that are considered normal in our society can provide insight into their implications and how people actually feel about them. This research seeks to answer the question: How do values surrounding farm animals vary across gender, race, socioeconomic status, and LGBTQIA+ community membership? The hypothesis is that members of oppressed groups will answer in ways that indicate an increased sensitivity to the oppression of animals. An qualtrics survey of 167 college students at University of Oregon, Lane Community College and Concordia University was conducted in order to assess values surrounding farm animals. The survey asked questions concerning treatment of farm animals, farming practices, and dietary preferences based on a typology of animal values created by Stephen Kellert. Results are analyzed using R. Preliminary findings suggest those who identify as Christian value the material use of farm animals more than those who indicated having no religion. The majority of all respondents across all demographic categories agree that factory farming practices are inhumane, farm animals should be treated with compassion, and that it is important to take into account the environmental effects of the meat industry when making meat purchases.

The Correlation Between Stigma Stemming from HIV and Antiretroviral Packaging: Design Recommendations for Introducing Discrete Packaging for Adolescents in Western Kenya

Presenter(s): Arden Saravis—International Studies

Faculty Mentor(s): Clare Evans

Session 1: Time for Your Check-Up—Decolonizing Global Health

Failure to adhere to antiretroviral therapy (ART) persists in exponentially large numbers in the adolescent population in Western Kenya . The presence of stigma surrounding HIV heavily contributes to this immense prevalence in society . Adolescents living with HIV fear premature disclosure to
their peers, so many choose to not bring their ARTs in public and even hide them in their homes . We assessed perceptions of the ART pill bottle/pill to see if this contributes to non-adherence and discussed ideas on changing the bottle or developing a new, discrete pill casing . We conducted nine key informant interviews among professionals who work with adolescents and young adults living with HIV and conducted four focus group discussions with 42 adolescents living with HIV at a hospital in Western Kenya . We found that currently, because of the pill bottle, many adolescents and young adults remove their pills and place them in other items, reducing pill potency, however the results include proposed ideas and designs for an alternative pill bottle that they will use and confirmed that their adherence would increase if these such items were implemented .

Intersectional Analysis of Heroin Use

Presenter(s): Joseph Moore—Sociology

Faculty Mentor(s): Clare Evans

Session 5.5: McNair Scholars Presentations

The current opioid epidemic has produced long-lasting consequences for a large population of people in the United States . One of these consequences is addiction, leading to the transition from the often expensive prescription opioids that are prescribed by doctors to the use of less expensive and easily accessible heroin . This research answers the question of how does heroin use differ by race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status and what is the predicted probability of future use among these strata? To accomplish this task I will perform statistical analysis using the most recent survey data sets ranging from 2015-2018 as they were made available by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) . These public use data sets contain 226,632 non-institutionalized US participants aged 12 or older combined . I will use these public data sets to run regression models and calculate probability . My findings thus far demonstrate a higher usage pattern among males living in poverty of all race/ethnicities, with white males using at the highest rate . Furthermore, the least amount of usage rests with African-American females living at more than 2 times the federal poverty threshold level . The results of this study will demonstrate the extent at which heroin is used among different social strata contributing to the existing knowledge .

Quantifying Diabetes Disparities Related to American Indian and Alaskan Native Residency on Reservations

Presenter(s): Julia Liu—Sociology

Faculty Mentor(s): Clare Evans

Session 1: Time for Your Check-Up—Decolonizing Global Health

American Indians and Alaskan Natives (AI/AN) have the highest rate of diabetes of any racial group in the United States . This disparity does not show up evenly amongst AI/AN, suggesting that environmental effects for various AI/AN can lead to health disparities . AI/AN have unique historical circumstances because many of them reside in reservations, which the government uses to segregate them from other racial groups . Due to the traumatic history of the reservation system, there are likely enduring conditions that exacerbate health disparities, including diabetes . This thesis looks at the correlation between living in a Census-designated American Indian Area (AIA) and having a diabetes diagnosis . It compares diabetes rates between American Indians and Alaskan Natives (AI/AN) living in AIAs and those living outside of these areas using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health . Logistic regression models determined if any subsets have a disproportionately higher rate of diabetes diagnosis . These models control for demographic factors such as age, income, gender, and education and show that AI/AN living in AIAs are anywhere between 1 .595—1 .764 times more likely to have diabetes than AI/AN outside of AIAs . This demonstrates that living in reservation- like areas is correlated with conditions that likely contribute to diabetes disparities . Potential explanations for inequalities include lack of nutritious food sources, environmental stress, and other conditions . This serves as a starting point for further qualitative research to explore social processes that create environmental inequalities and worsen health disparities .