Water

2023

Echoes of Amazon Creek
By taking a closer look into Amazon Creek, we can better understand our relationship with the water, land, and each other.
Echoes of Amazon Creek
Water

2023

By taking a closer look into Amazon Creek, we can better understand our relationship with the water, land, and each other.
Photo courtesy Lauri Holts.

Amazon Creek passes by many areas of Eugene before reaching the farmlands west of the city where it contributes to a wetland ecosystem important for agriculture, wildlife and recreation.

By Riley O’Connell

Sources
General Background Information Sources

Chesters, G., & Schierow, L.-J. (1985). A primer on nonpoint pollution. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 40(1), 9–13. Retrieved from https://www.jswconline.org/content/40/1/9.short

Long Tom Watershed Council. (2022). Amazon Pesticide Stewardship Partnership 2022 Results Summary.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. (2022). Oregon 2022 Integrated Report – Final Interactive Map. Retrieved from https://geo.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/sidebar/index.html?appid=7d13b19e01a44f1dbfd12903576e6d29

Oregon Water Quality Pesticide Management Team. (2018). Amazon Pesticide Stewardship Partnership 2015-17 Biennial Summary. In www.oregon.gov/ODA. Oregon Department of Agriculture. Retrieved from Oregon Department of Agriculture website: https://www.oregon.gov/ODA/shared/Documents/Publications/PesticidesPARC/AmazonSummary.pdf

Taylor, T., & Long, J. (2022). Open Waterways Maintenance Plans (G. Shutt, R. Zucker, J. Clark, J. Carey-Hobbs, B. Elliot, T. Rhay, … S. Miler, Eds.).

US Environmental Protection Agency. (2015, September 15). Basic Information about Nonpoint Source (NPS) Pollution. Retrieved from www.epa.gov website: https://www.epa.gov/nps/basic-information-about-nonpoint-source-nps-pollution

Walch, T. (2022). 2022 Stormwater Annual Report Status Report for Permit Year 2022 (. In www.eugene-or.gov. City of Eugene. Retrieved from City of Eugene website: https://www.eugene-or.gov/DocumentCenter/View/68100/Eugene-2022-Stormwater-Annual-Report—FINAL?bidId=

Headwaters Sources

City of Eugene. (2019). Tackling Moss. Retrieved from https://www.eugene-or.gov/DocumentCenter/View/10735/Moss-on-roofs-and-how-to-manage-it

City of Eugene. (2022). Annual Stormwater Report for City of Eugene, Oregon. In https://www.eugene-or.gov/DocumentCenter/View/68100/Eugene-2022-Stormwater-Annual-Report—FINAL?bidId=.

City of Eugene. (n.d.-a). Erin Noble Headwaters. Retrieved from Eugene, OR website: https://www.eugene-or.gov/Facilities/Facility/Details/-170

City of Eugene. (n.d.-b). Stormwater and Water Quality. Retrieved from www.eugene-or.gov website: https://www.eugene-or.gov/468/Stormwater-and-Water-Quality

Follow the Water. (n.d.). What’s Your Lawn Style. Retrieved from Follow the Water website: https://followthewater.info/whats-your-lawn-style/

Klein, C. (2022). Evaluating The Extent And Sources Of Zinc Contamination Within Eugene-Springfield Waterway. Retrieved from https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/27354/Klein_Charlotte_Thesis_CHC.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

Oregon Association of Clean Water Agencies, & City of Eugene. (n.d.). Landscape Maintenance Tips. In https://www.eugene-or.gov/DocumentCenter/View/67846/Landscape-maintenance-tips.

Oregon State University. (n.d.). Solve Pest Problems. Retrieved from solvepestproblems.oregonstate.edu website: https://solvepestproblems.oregonstate.edu/index.php/

Sielicki, H. (2014, November 24). City Of Eugene and Be Noble Foundation Announce Purchase Of Amazon Headwaters Property. Retrieved from Southeast Neighbors website: https://southeastneighbors.wordpress.com/2014/11/24/city-of-eugene-and-be-noble-foundation-announce-purchase-of-amazon-headwaters-property/

Stapleton, E., Clark, M., & Smith, J. (2019). Love, Loss, and Renewal. Retrieved May 30, 2023, from Roots and Rivers website: https://rootsandrivers.uoregon.edu/amazon/

Stormwater Stars. (n.d.). Stormwater Stars – Stormwater Stars Practices. Retrieved from www.stormwaterstars.org website: https://www.stormwaterstars.org/stormwater-stars-practices

Stroh, T. (2023, April 7). Interview by R. O’Connell.

Trout Friendly Landscapes Sources

Butler, G. (2016, April 21). Up the Creek with Trout. Retrieved May 31, 2023, from eugeneweekly.com website: https://eugeneweekly.com/2016/04/21/up-the-creek-with-trout/

Essex General Construction. (2018, March 28). Essex – a triple bottom line business. Retrieved from www.youtube.com website: https://youtu.be/zNhP-e_IYcg

Essex General Construction. (n.d.). Retrieved from Essex General Construction website: https://www.essexgc.com/

Long Tom Watershed Council. (2017, June 27). Jodi Sommers of Essex Construction Shares Watershed Moments on Urban Waters & Wildlife Program. Retrieved from www.facebook.com website: https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1462325883827036

Long Tom Watershed Council. (n.d.-a). Create a Trout Friendly Landscape. In longtom.org. Retrieved from https://www.longtom.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/LTWC-Trout-brochureFINALproof.pdf

Long Tom Watershed Council. (n.d.-b). Projects Map. Retrieved from longtom.org website: https://www.longtom.org/project-viewer/

Long Tom Watershed Council. (n.d.-c). Trout Friendly Landscapes. Retrieved from longtom.org website: https://www.longtom.org/science-projects/amazoncreek/trout-friendly/

Reinholtz, A. (2023, March 17). Interview by R. O’Connell. https://www.longtom.org/about-ltwc/staff/amanda-reinholtz/

Summers, J. (2023, April 4). Interview by R. O’Connell. https://www.essexgc.com/jodi-sommers

Whitney, S. (2023, May 12). Interview by R. O’Connell. https://www.longtom.org/about-ltwc/staff/sarah-whitney/

West Eugene Wetlands Sources

Bureau of Land Management. (n.d.). West Eugene Wetlands | Bureau of Land Management. Retrieved from www.blm.gov website: https://www.blm.gov/visit/west-eugene-wetlands

City of Eugene. (n.d.-a). Historical Vegetation in West Eugene. In www.eugene-or.gov. Retrieved from https://www.eugene-or.gov/DocumentCenter/View/56794/Historical-Vegetation-in-West-Eugene

City of Eugene. (n.d.-b). Wetlands | Eugene, OR. Retrieved from www.eugene-or.gov website: https://www.eugene-or.gov/644/Wetlands

City of Eugene, & Lane County. (2004). West Eugene Wetlands Plan. In eugene-or.gov. Retrieved from https://www.eugene-or.gov/DocumentCenter/View/3465/West-Eugene-Wetlands-Plan-Full?bidId=

Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California. (n.d.). California Snails and Slugs Barriers. Retrieved from ucanr.edu website: https://ucanr.edu/sites/CalSnailsandSlugs/Management/Barriers/#:~:text=It%20is%20believed%20that%20copper

Guzman, A., Manager, O., & Arkin, L. (2011). Environmental Justice In West Eugene: Families, Health And Air Pollution. In www.beyondtoxics.org. Retrieved from https://www.beyondtoxics.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/EnvJusticeWestEugene-FamiliesHealthAirPollution_FULLreport_FINALwebres.pdf

James, M. (2014). Water Chemistry. Eugene District Bureau of Land Management.

Lane Council of Governments. (2003). West Eugene Wetlands. City of Eugene. Retrieved from https://www.eugene-or.gov/DocumentCenter/View/4766/West-Eugene-Wetlands-Map?bidId=

McGinnis, M. (2023, April 5). Interview by R. O’Connell.

Rivers to Ridges Partnership. (n.d.). Retrieved May 31, 2023, from rivers2ridges.org website: https://rivers2ridges.org/

Whitney, S. (2023, May 12). Interview by R. O’Connell. https://www.longtom.org/about-ltwc/staff/sarah-whitney/

Willamette Resources & Educational Network. (n.d.). History. Retrieved from wewetlands.org website: https://wewetlands.org/about-us/history/

WREN – Willamette Resources & Educational Network. (2022). Retrieved from wewetlands.org website: https://wewetlands.org/

Golden Gardens Sources

City of Eugene. (n.d.-a). Golden Gardens Park. Retrieved from www.eugene-or.gov website: https://www.eugene-or.gov/Facilities/Facility/Details/68

City of Eugene. (n.d.-b). Golden Gardens Park Master Plan. Retrieved from engage.eugene-or.gov website: https://engage.eugene-or.gov/goldengardens

EcoAdapt. (2019). Northwestern Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata) Northern California Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Synthesis. Retrieved from https://www.cakex.org/sites/default/files/documents/Nor%20Cal%20VA%20Synthesis_Northwestern%20Pond%20Turtle_FINAL_20Mar2020_0.pdf

FitzClemen, R. (2020). The Pond Turtles of Golden Gardens. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/pLcw4YVjydQ

Holland, D. (1994). The Western Pond Turtle: Habitat and History. Portland, OR: Wildlife Diversity Program Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Retrieved from Wildlife Diversity Program Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife website: https://relicensing.pcwa.net/documents/Library/PCWA-L%20450.pdf

Holts, L. (2023, March 20). Interview by R. O’Connell.

Long Tom Watershed Council. (2020). Northwestern Pond Turtle Citizen Science Project. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/zAMTXB1SkSs

Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. (n.d.). Northwestern Pond Turtle – Oregon Conservation Strategy. Retrieved from www.oregonconservationstrategy.org website: https://www.oregonconservationstrategy.org/strategy-species/northwestern-pond-turtle/#:~:text=Provide%20basking%20structures%20and%20nesting

Clear Lake Sources

Hughes, S. (2023, March 23). Interview by R. O’Connell. http://www.egrassoc.com/

Invasive Plant: Water Primrose. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.portland.gov website: https://www.portland.gov/bes/invasive-plants/water-primrose#:~:text=Water%20primrose%20forms%20dense%20mats

Long Tom Watershed Council. (2019, February 19). Ludwigia Invasives Control | Long Tom Watershed Council. Retrieved from longtom.org website: https://www.longtom.org/ludwigia/

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2021, February 26). What is nutrient pollution? Retrieved from oceanservice.noaa.gov website: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nutpollution.html#:~:text=Nutrient%20pollution%20is%20the%20process

Reinholtz, A. (2023, March 17). Interview by R. O’Connell. https://www.longtom.org/about-ltwc/staff/amanda-reinholtz/

US Environmental Protection Agency. (2019, February 6). Nutrient Pollution. Retrieved from www.epa.gov website: https://www.epa.gov/nutrientpollution

Zheng, Y. (2018, April 5). “The game changer”: Invasive ludwigia threatens to choke aquatic habitats, devastate ecosystems. Retrieved from www.oregonmetro.gov website: https://www.oregonmetro.gov/news/game-changer-invasive-ludwigia-threatens-choke-aquatic-habitats-devastate-ecosystems

Interview Names/titles

  • Interview with Trevor Stroh, Resident along Amazon Creek at headwaters, April 7, 2023.
  • Interview with Jodi Summers, Marketing Manager for Essex General Construction Inc, April 4th, 2023
  • Interview with Amanda Reinholtz, River Scientist and GIS Specialist at Long Tom Watershed Council, March 17th, 2023
  • Interview with Sarah Whitney, Urban Waters & Wildlife Program manager at the Long Tom Watershed Council, May 12th, 2023
  • Interview with Megan McGinnis, Soil, Water, Air Natural Resource Specialist at Bureau of Land Management, April 5th, 2023
  • Interview with Lauri Holts, Ecologist for Parks & Natural Resource Planning department at City of Eugene Parks and Open Space, March 20th, 2023
  • Interview with Shane Hughes, Landowner on Clear Lake and retired environment engineer, March 23rd, 2023

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SOURCES

General Background Information Sources

Chesters, G., & Schierow, L.-J. (1985). A primer on nonpoint pollution. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 40(1), 9–13. Retrieved from https://www.jswconline.org/content/40/1/9.short

Long Tom Watershed Council. (2022). Amazon Pesticide Stewardship Partnership 2022 Results Summary.

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. (2022). Oregon 2022 Integrated Report – Final Interactive Map. Retrieved from https://geo.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/sidebar/index.html?appid=7d13b19e01a44f1dbfd12903576e6d29

Oregon Water Quality Pesticide Management Team. (2018). Amazon Pesticide Stewardship Partnership 2015-17 Biennial Summary. In www.oregon.gov/ODA. Oregon Department of Agriculture. Retrieved from Oregon Department of Agriculture website: https://www.oregon.gov/ODA/shared/Documents/Publications/PesticidesPARC/AmazonSummary.pdf

Taylor, T., & Long, J. (2022). Open Waterways Maintenance Plans (G. Shutt, R. Zucker, J. Clark, J. Carey-Hobbs, B. Elliot, T. Rhay, … S. Miler, Eds.).

US Environmental Protection Agency. (2015, September 15). Basic Information about Nonpoint Source (NPS) Pollution. Retrieved from www.epa.gov website: https://www.epa.gov/nps/basic-information-about-nonpoint-source-nps-pollution

Walch, T. (2022). 2022 Stormwater Annual Report Status Report for Permit Year 2022 (. In www.eugene-or.gov. City of Eugene. Retrieved from City of Eugene website: https://www.eugene-or.gov/DocumentCenter/View/68100/Eugene-2022-Stormwater-Annual-Report—FINAL?bidId=

Headwaters Sources

City of Eugene. (2019). Tackling Moss. Retrieved from https://www.eugene-or.gov/DocumentCenter/View/10735/Moss-on-roofs-and-how-to-manage-it

City of Eugene. (2022). Annual Stormwater Report for City of Eugene, Oregon. In https://www.eugene-or.gov/DocumentCenter/View/68100/Eugene-2022-Stormwater-Annual-Report—FINAL?bidId=.

City of Eugene. (n.d.-a). Erin Noble Headwaters. Retrieved from Eugene, OR website: https://www.eugene-or.gov/Facilities/Facility/Details/-170

City of Eugene. (n.d.-b). Stormwater and Water Quality. Retrieved from www.eugene-or.gov website: https://www.eugene-or.gov/468/Stormwater-and-Water-Quality

Follow the Water. (n.d.). What’s Your Lawn Style. Retrieved from Follow the Water website: https://followthewater.info/whats-your-lawn-style/

Klein, C. (2022). Evaluating The Extent And Sources Of Zinc Contamination Within Eugene-Springfield Waterway. Retrieved from https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/27354/Klein_Charlotte_Thesis_CHC.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

Oregon Association of Clean Water Agencies, & City of Eugene. (n.d.). Landscape Maintenance Tips. In https://www.eugene-or.gov/DocumentCenter/View/67846/Landscape-maintenance-tips.

Oregon State University. (n.d.). Solve Pest Problems. Retrieved from solvepestproblems.oregonstate.edu website: https://solvepestproblems.oregonstate.edu/index.php/

Sielicki, H. (2014, November 24). City Of Eugene and Be Noble Foundation Announce Purchase Of Amazon Headwaters Property. Retrieved from Southeast Neighbors website: https://southeastneighbors.wordpress.com/2014/11/24/city-of-eugene-and-be-noble-foundation-announce-purchase-of-amazon-headwaters-property/

Stapleton, E., Clark, M., & Smith, J. (2019). Love, Loss, and Renewal. Retrieved May 30, 2023, from Roots and Rivers website: https://rootsandrivers.uoregon.edu/amazon/

Stormwater Stars. (n.d.). Stormwater Stars – Stormwater Stars Practices. Retrieved from www.stormwaterstars.org website: https://www.stormwaterstars.org/stormwater-stars-practices

Stroh, T. (2023, April 7). Interview by R. O’Connell.

Trout Friendly Landscapes Sources

Butler, G. (2016, April 21). Up the Creek with Trout. Retrieved May 31, 2023, from eugeneweekly.com website: https://eugeneweekly.com/2016/04/21/up-the-creek-with-trout/

Essex General Construction. (2018, March 28). Essex – a triple bottom line business. Retrieved from www.youtube.com website: https://youtu.be/zNhP-e_IYcg

Essex General Construction. (n.d.). Retrieved from Essex General Construction website: https://www.essexgc.com/

Long Tom Watershed Council. (2017, June 27). Jodi Sommers of Essex Construction Shares Watershed Moments on Urban Waters & Wildlife Program. Retrieved from www.facebook.com website: https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1462325883827036

Long Tom Watershed Council. (n.d.-a). Create a Trout Friendly Landscape. In longtom.org. Retrieved from https://www.longtom.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/LTWC-Trout-brochureFINALproof.pdf

Long Tom Watershed Council. (n.d.-b). Projects Map. Retrieved from longtom.org website: https://www.longtom.org/project-viewer/

Long Tom Watershed Council. (n.d.-c). Trout Friendly Landscapes. Retrieved from longtom.org website: https://www.longtom.org/science-projects/amazoncreek/trout-friendly/

Reinholtz, A. (2023, March 17). Interview by R. O’Connell. https://www.longtom.org/about-ltwc/staff/amanda-reinholtz/

Summers, J. (2023, April 4). Interview by R. O’Connell. https://www.essexgc.com/jodi-sommers

Whitney, S. (2023, May 12). Interview by R. O’Connell. https://www.longtom.org/about-ltwc/staff/sarah-whitney/

West Eugene Wetlands Sources

Bureau of Land Management. (n.d.). West Eugene Wetlands | Bureau of Land Management. Retrieved from www.blm.gov website: https://www.blm.gov/visit/west-eugene-wetlands

City of Eugene. (n.d.-a). Historical Vegetation in West Eugene. In www.eugene-or.gov. Retrieved from https://www.eugene-or.gov/DocumentCenter/View/56794/Historical-Vegetation-in-West-Eugene

City of Eugene. (n.d.-b). Wetlands | Eugene, OR. Retrieved from www.eugene-or.gov website: https://www.eugene-or.gov/644/Wetlands

City of Eugene, & Lane County. (2004). West Eugene Wetlands Plan. In eugene-or.gov. Retrieved from https://www.eugene-or.gov/DocumentCenter/View/3465/West-Eugene-Wetlands-Plan-Full?bidId=

Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California. (n.d.). California Snails and Slugs Barriers. Retrieved from ucanr.edu website: https://ucanr.edu/sites/CalSnailsandSlugs/Management/Barriers/#:~:text=It%20is%20believed%20that%20copper

Guzman, A., Manager, O., & Arkin, L. (2011). Environmental Justice In West Eugene: Families, Health And Air Pollution. In www.beyondtoxics.org. Retrieved from https://www.beyondtoxics.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/EnvJusticeWestEugene-FamiliesHealthAirPollution_FULLreport_FINALwebres.pdf

James, M. (2014). Water Chemistry. Eugene District Bureau of Land Management.

Lane Council of Governments. (2003). West Eugene Wetlands. City of Eugene. Retrieved from https://www.eugene-or.gov/DocumentCenter/View/4766/West-Eugene-Wetlands-Map?bidId=

McGinnis, M. (2023, April 5). Interview by R. O’Connell.

Rivers to Ridges Partnership. (n.d.). Retrieved May 31, 2023, from rivers2ridges.org website: https://rivers2ridges.org/

Whitney, S. (2023, May 12). Interview by R. O’Connell. https://www.longtom.org/about-ltwc/staff/sarah-whitney/

Willamette Resources & Educational Network. (n.d.). History. Retrieved from wewetlands.org website: https://wewetlands.org/about-us/history/

WREN – Willamette Resources & Educational Network. (2022). Retrieved from wewetlands.org website: https://wewetlands.org/

Golden Gardens Sources

City of Eugene. (n.d.-a). Golden Gardens Park. Retrieved from www.eugene-or.gov website: https://www.eugene-or.gov/Facilities/Facility/Details/68

City of Eugene. (n.d.-b). Golden Gardens Park Master Plan. Retrieved from engage.eugene-or.gov website: https://engage.eugene-or.gov/goldengardens

EcoAdapt. (2019). Northwestern Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata) Northern California Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Synthesis. Retrieved from https://www.cakex.org/sites/default/files/documents/Nor%20Cal%20VA%20Synthesis_Northwestern%20Pond%20Turtle_FINAL_20Mar2020_0.pdf

FitzClemen, R. (2020). The Pond Turtles of Golden Gardens. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/pLcw4YVjydQ

Holland, D. (1994). The Western Pond Turtle: Habitat and History. Portland, OR: Wildlife Diversity Program Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Retrieved from Wildlife Diversity Program Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife website: https://relicensing.pcwa.net/documents/Library/PCWA-L%20450.pdf

Holts, L. (2023, March 20). Interview by R. O’Connell.

Long Tom Watershed Council. (2020). Northwestern Pond Turtle Citizen Science Project. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/zAMTXB1SkSs

Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. (n.d.). Northwestern Pond Turtle – Oregon Conservation Strategy. Retrieved from www.oregonconservationstrategy.org website: https://www.oregonconservationstrategy.org/strategy-species/northwestern-pond-turtle/#:~:text=Provide%20basking%20structures%20and%20nesting

Clear Lake Sources

Hughes, S. (2023, March 23). Interview by R. O’Connell. http://www.egrassoc.com/

Invasive Plant: Water Primrose. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.portland.gov website: https://www.portland.gov/bes/invasive-plants/water-primrose#:~:text=Water%20primrose%20forms%20dense%20mats

Long Tom Watershed Council. (2019, February 19). Ludwigia Invasives Control | Long Tom Watershed Council. Retrieved from longtom.org website: https://www.longtom.org/ludwigia/

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2021, February 26). What is nutrient pollution? Retrieved from oceanservice.noaa.gov website: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nutpollution.html#:~:text=Nutrient%20pollution%20is%20the%20process

Reinholtz, A. (2023, March 17). Interview by R. O’Connell. https://www.longtom.org/about-ltwc/staff/amanda-reinholtz/

US Environmental Protection Agency. (2019, February 6). Nutrient Pollution. Retrieved from www.epa.gov website: https://www.epa.gov/nutrientpollution

Zheng, Y. (2018, April 5). “The game changer”: Invasive ludwigia threatens to choke aquatic habitats, devastate ecosystems. Retrieved from www.oregonmetro.gov website: https://www.oregonmetro.gov/news/game-changer-invasive-ludwigia-threatens-choke-aquatic-habitats-devastate-ecosystems

Interview Names/titles

  • Interview with Trevor Stroh, Resident along Amazon Creek at headwaters, April 7, 2023.
  • Interview with Jodi Summers, Marketing Manager for Essex General Construction Inc, April 4th, 2023
  • Interview with Amanda Reinholtz, River Scientist and GIS Specialist at Long Tom Watershed Council, March 17th, 2023
  • Interview with Sarah Whitney, Urban Waters & Wildlife Program manager at the Long Tom Watershed Council, May 12th, 2023
  • Interview with Megan McGinnis, Soil, Water, Air Natural Resource Specialist at Bureau of Land Management, April 5th, 2023
  • Interview with Lauri Holts, Ecologist for Parks & Natural Resource Planning department at City of Eugene Parks and Open Space, March 20th, 2023
  • Interview with Shane Hughes, Landowner on Clear Lake and retired environment engineer, March 23rd, 2023

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