India and Pakistan Historical Context
India and Pakistan are two nations in Southern Asia that border one another with Pakistan to the west and India to the east. They both have coastlines along the Indian ocean with large areas of land that are within their borders. The conflict between these two nations began all the way back in August of 1947 with the British partition of the land into the two nations. This was a formal cede of rule where independence was granted to these two governments forcing millions of people on both sides to migrate borders. An interesting and later crucial facet of these independences was the territory of Kashmir and what was to become of it.
Map of Southern Asia and land additions
Kashmir is a territory bordering the Northern borders of both India and Pakistan and was given the choice by the British to join either the predominantly Muslim Pakistanis or mostly Hindi India. With Kashmir being a majority Muslim state, most of the citizens wanted to join Pakistan. However, Hari Singh was the maharaja or ruling prince and he was Hindi. He therefore wanted Kashmir to remain independent at the least as he would not have been happy joining Pakistan and joining India would start a war. Regardless of this thought process, the Muslim citizens began a revolution with the goal of eventually adding Kashmir to the homeland. This movement eventually recruited armed tribesman of the Northwestern Province where it then turned serious. This caused Hari Singh to request military support from India where in return he would give them the region with a referendum attached to the document that would allow the citizens to vote on the status of the region in the future.
Pakistan did not recognize this document which sparked the first war between the nations that lead to upwards of 30,000 deaths over the span of two years from 1947-1948. The United Nations was eventually able to mediate a peace deal called the Karachi Agreement. Formally known as the Agreement Between Military Representatives of India and Pakistan Regarding the Establishment of a Cease Fire Line, this agreement established the borders between the nations in Kashmir. This mutual agreement did not stop future lad dispute conflicts.
Karachi Agreement Demarcations
The second Indo-Pakistani war broke out in 1965 when a series of small clashes culminated to Pakistani soldiers crossing the Line of Control which lead to war. It was stifled after a year when leaders again got together to sign the treaty once again affirming both commitments to peace with one another.
Their have been many other conflicts between the nations where it seems enough time passes where they forget why they have the peace treaty in the first place. Both countries have acquired nuclear weapons, notable attacks have taken for and against both sides, and the conflict is not only seen in military maneuvers. It can also be found within both cultures socially with a general dismay for one another despite the fact that they are massive trading partners. Overall this region is marked with intermittent violence towards one another with constantly rising and lowering of tensions that neither country will get over while both claiming the region.
Sources
https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/conflict-between-india-and-pakistan#:~:text=The%20conflict%20between%20India%20and,which%20country%20to%20accede%20to.