1. Paleoanthropsychobiological is a term originally coined by Ellen Dissanayake. It describes the interpretation of art. She states that “art must be viewed as an inherent universal (or biological) trait of the human species,” meaning that art “encompasses all of human history,” (paleo), it “includes all human societies,” (anthro), it “accounts for the fact that art is a psychological or emotional need and has psychological and emotional effects.” (15)
2. Dissanayake argues that a part of human nature is to make objects, ceremonies, people, art, and many other aspects of life special. She defines special as “something different than the mundane, the everyday, the ordinary” (22). In regards to art, she states that “art was not for its own sake at all, but for the sake of the performance of ritual ceremonies” (22). In order for an artist to consider his or her work art, it must be special.
3. Modernism began in the 18th century when art began to focus more on aesthetics. People began to believe that “there is a special frame of mind for appreciating works of art.” (17) People also began to look at art from other eras and appreciate it for its beauty without understanding the meaning behind it. Modernism was not only a new style of art, but also a new way of looking at it and interpreting it.
Postmodernism began around the 20th century. Postmodernism assumes that all art can be understood and appreciated by everyone. Instead of limiting the art experience to the privileged and highly educated, Dissanayake and postmodernism both claim that art is a human experience and it can mean different things to different people.
Greek/Medieval Times: In Greek times, art was not meant for aesthetic admiration. The same word for art was used for fishing. It seems as though it was more of a skill or craft. Similarly, in Medieval times, art was for religion instead of aesthetics. Art was not inspiring or meaningful. It was an accurate depiction of “the subject matter, using craftsmanlike standards of beauty, harmony, and excellence.” (16)