International humanitarian law (IHL) and international human rights law (IHRL) both govern the moral choices of conflict both within and between states. It aims to limit the greater consequences of armed conflict by offering protection to people not engaged in the conflict, like civilians and medical personnel, as well as by limiting the use of certain weapons and methods of warfare, such as military tactics. On a similar note, international human rights law says that no state shall violate human rights declared in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, created in 1948.
In the case of the Rwandan Genocide, we see a massive violation of both IHL and IHRL, and no intervention was made by states with able power to do so. Specifically, the United States and the United Nations as well as Belgium, who had forces in the country, didn’t do their part in avoiding the abuse of IHL, which resulted in the loss of up to 800,000 Tutsi lives. Even after the massacre, international aid failed in supporting civilians who had fled Rwanda into the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, and Burundi.
While Uzbekistan couldn’t have had any control or impact over this instance of genocide, the country has seen many cases of ethnic related clashes. For example, in the 2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes, which originated from the descrimination of Uzbek citizens in the 90’s and long-standing anti-Uzbek sentiments in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbeks were a target of violence for a short period of time, with “‘thousands’ killed, several thousands wounded and tens of thousands of refugees” (Wikipedia). This resulted in anti-Uzbek propaganda and the torture of many Uzbeks residing in Kyrgyzkstan. Being a major violation of human rights, as described by the independent internation commission of inquiry in cases of “murder, rape, other forms of sexual violence, physical violence (as another inhumane act) and persecution against an identifiable group on ethnic grounds”, international efforts were made against the situation in reconciliation efforts to change the law enforcement standards in the country to support human rights of all ethnicities. Within the borders of Uzbekistan, the country is currently under watch because of instances of ethnic descrimination and violence, such as the Andijan massacre in 2005 and the recent targeting of Tajik and Karakalpak peoples. Uzbekistan is bettering their adherence to the international human rights law, however human rights currently aren’t of greatest concern in the region.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_South_Kyrgyzstan_ethnic_clashes
https://www.genocidewatch.com/country-pages/uzbekistan
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26875506
https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol2/iss2/5/