USC Building Information Model + Construction and Fabrication Symposium
I learned a lot at the USC Building Information Modeling + Construction and Fabrication symposium organized by Prof. Karen Kensek and Prof. Burcin Becerik Gerber. Software representatives and AEC professionals illustrated how they used the tools in building case studies. Some highlights…
STRUCTURING INFORMATION FOR USE
A BIM model’s level of detail should be carefully tuned to its use. Detailing only makes sense if the specialized knowledge is available – otherwise leave it open so subcontractors have flexibility. Including builders early in the planning process allows identification and resolution of constructability issues.
No matter how complete a BIM model file is, interoperability remains crucial since no single format fits all purposes. Some team members can do better work more efficiently using older familiar methods. All should be able to translate into an underlying core format, like a network bus.
As long as the legal documents remain 2D drawings, inefficiencies from the mix of information will remain. An interactive touchscreen table could alleviate the need to manage large volumes of paper as the construction documents evolve. Permitting currently requires a fixed snapshot of the evolving design.
Scale matters: what works for a single family house doesn’t work well for an airport or hospital. A single integrated building model file can quickly become unwieldy in size. Strategies for efficient work include :
– separating graphic representation from building content information
– accessing information according to currently relevant scale – dropping out non-essential mega and micro data that give buildings a global to nano location context.
– storing building information in separate files that can be accessed as needed. Information slicing needs to be in sync with the team organization: by design specialty or construction trade, by building location, etc.
HUMAN ASPECTS
Social processes are a much more crucial than technology. Contractual models need to reward successful teamwork. Getting people into the room together to understand critical problems and solve them early can save lots of money. Sufficient preparation time must be planned so that the crucial face-to-face time is well utilized.
Visualization enables design participation by making the project accessible to a broader array of stakeholders. Tools such as 3D clash detection, energy & structural analysis and interactive 4D scheduling models make problems visible so they can be resolved.
Computer processes can be well complemented by on-site handcraft. Complex digital designs can be enriched by knowledgeable craftsmen on-site
DOWNSTREAM BENEFITS
Many cited efficiency and accuracy gains with BIM and 4D animations – they facilitate a higher level of complexity and quality. Building exactly according to the virtual model is crucial to realizing the benefits of BIM.
The model must consider actual construction practices so that realistic tolerances are included. Field verification tools such as on-site displays, Tablet PC’s and AR headsets can ensure that the vision is being realized.
Vendors are enabling real-time online building monitoring systems. Sensors can broadcast live building performance data for equipment maintenance alerts, remote or local control, and automated energy optimization.
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